Throughout history, religion and institutional power have wielded immense influence over society, often through similar mechanisms of control. In Belief, Bias & Institutionalized Racism, Amarpal Singh delves into the parallels between these forces, highlighting how unquestioned authority perpetuates inequality and stifles individual freedoms.
The Mechanisms of Control
Religious institutions often rely on the unquestioned acceptance of doctrines. Singh describes this as a suspension of critical faculties, where adherents are expected to trust divine proclamations regardless of evidence. This is mirrored in institutional power, where individuals are expected to comply with policies or cultural norms, even when they are discriminatory or unjust.
For instance, Singh provocatively compares religious leaders to autocrats, noting how both demand obedience and discourage dissent. This control is reinforced through fear—of divine retribution in religion, and of punitive consequences in institutions like law enforcement. Singh highlights examples such as the SUS laws and stop-and-search practices, which disproportionately target minority communities under the guise of maintaining order.
Narratives of Legitimacy
Both religion and institutional authority create narratives to justify their control. Religious doctrines often promise rewards in the afterlife for compliance, while institutions use ideas like national security or economic stability to rationalize oppressive policies. Singh critiques these narratives as tools to manipulate public perception, pointing out how immigration rhetoric has been used to marginalize communities while preserving institutional power.
The Role of Rituals and Symbols
Symbols and rituals play a significant role in maintaining control. In religion, these might include prayers, sacraments, or other practices that reinforce adherence. Similarly, institutions use ceremonies, uniforms, and procedural formalities to assert their authority. Singh describes how police uniforms and legal proceedings can intimidate individuals, particularly those from marginalized groups, reinforcing a sense of powerlessness.
The Consequences of Unquestioned Authority
Unquestioned authority in both realms leads to systemic inequalities. Singh critiques how religious doctrines have historically justified slavery, colonialism, and patriarchy—systems that were later institutionalized in legal and political frameworks. The parallels between these practices and modern-day institutional racism are stark.
Pathways to Change
Singh argues that dismantling these systems of control requires questioning their foundations. He advocates for education and critical thinking as tools to challenge the legitimacy of both religious and institutional authority. By understanding the mechanisms of control, individuals can begin to resist oppressive systems and advocate for equality.
The parallels between religious control and institutional power reveal a shared reliance on unquestioned authority and fear-based compliance. In Belief, Bias & Institutionalized Racism, Singh provides a compelling critique of these mechanisms, encouraging readers to challenge the narratives and symbols that uphold inequality. Recognizing these similarities is a crucial step toward creating a more just and equitable society.